Android intent uri. 5 days ago · Take a photo with a camera app.
Android intent uri. Jun 18, 2016 · Intents are objects of the android. EXTRA_RINGTONE_PICKED_URI) to verify put a debugger-breakpoint into onActivityResult and use the debugger to inspect returned intent. Intent callIntent = new Intent(Intent. Phone. May 12, 2012 · 1. 22. That might be done using Intent. parse(item. class); startActivity(i); For Example: In the below example, there are two activities (FirstActivity, and SecondActivity). I see this in logcat. Intent. Start by creating your first app. startActivity(intent); Can any one tell me possible answer. class) System. The following code snippet shows you how to do this: Kotlin Java. Uri. below is the working code:- Dec 18, 2012 · Uri uri = Uri. I have tested this with various UPI apps like BHIM, PhonePe, AXIS, UnionBank, Pockets etc. val intent = Intent(Intent. Uniform Resource Identifier that identifies an abstract or physical resource, as specified by RFC 2396. Of course you need to construct the intent that mimics the "uri" click. Apr 8, 2024 · Flutter plugin for launching Android Intents. val info = manager. public void onClick(View view) {. Fastest Entity Framework Extensions. This redirect_uri is needed for the Authorization Request not the Token Request. 1. If your app targets Android 11 (API level 30) or higher, the system makes some apps visible to your app automatically and hides other apps by default. size > 0. getResourceValue() and passing that to Uri. May 15, 2017 · You can check for the ACTION_VIEW intent for the URL. Use the action ACTION_DIAL in your intent, this way you won't need any permission. getContentResolver(); String mime = cr. flags is the list of int that will be converted to native flags. fromFile(root)); startActivityForResult(intent, PIC_REQUEST); What this will do is open a dialog asking for you to select an option to use to process the request. For example, if the action is ACTION_EDIT, the data should contain the URI of the document to edit. 1 - Builder (ready to be modified, not ready to be used) 2 - Built ( not ready to be modified, ready to be used ) You can create a builder by. The SAF lets users browse and open documents, images, and other files across all of their preferred document storage providers. The simplest way to get a URI from a string in Kotlin is by using the Uri. Rann Lifshitz. By default, a FileProvider determines the file's MIME type from its filename extension. Intents are asynchronous messages which allow application components to request functionality from other Android components. getString"uri")); edited May 10, 2018 at 19:17. So for other uri's I am using MimeTypeMap to infer their mime type's from the file extension . URI_INTENT_SCHEME)); I see the following in logcat: Rather than redirecting to www. Apr 10, 2014 · android:grantUriPermissions="true" indicates that your Java code can use FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION and FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION for any Uri served by that ContentProvider. val contentResolver = applicationContext. arguments is the map that will be Mar 6, 2015 · To get the mime type of content uri's -. One of those actions is the ACTION_SEND command which indicates we want to send data across apps. getUriForFile(applicationContext, "${applicationContext. Use the intent extras (Intent. ACTION_VIEW) val mimeType: String = myMime. Builder builder = new Uri. Adopt Compose for teams. contentResolver. Another approach is to make an PendingIntent to be called later. getText(). setData() function, though I didn't test/verify that myself. This is how I launch the activity: Intent intent = new Intent(Intent. ContentResolver cr = this. You can use resolveActivity() to detect whether there is any Activity in the system capable of handling your intent. category refers to the category of the intent, can be null. Explanation:- This method gets the URI and then check the API level of your Android device after that according to API level it will generate the Real path. this code will be worked also in androidQ. So, I had to use. if you want to handle the intent:// URI, you need to create a deep link Jan 3, 2024 · To share the file with the app that requested it, pass the Intent containing the content URI and permissions to setResult(). Android delegates actions to other applications by invoking an Intent. To send data, all you need to do is specify the data and its type, and the system will identify compatible receiving activities and display them Oct 4, 2018 · Output: EXTRA_RINGTONE_PICKED_URI. Permissions granted to one Activity in a client app are automatically extended to other components of that app. putExtra("imageUri", uri); Then, when you need it, just get it back this way: // Get an Uri from an Intent Uri uri = intent. val takeFlags: Int = Intent. The code below is insecure (you can easily make it secure, but explaining that would expand the length of this answer beyond imagination). Your code can send them to the Android system defining the components you are targeting. ACTION_VIEW, Uri. This method takes a string as input and returns a URI object. parse(extras. VIEW"></action> <category android:name="android. When creating an intent, it's often important to specify the type of data Android Intent Data Uri Query Parameter. Intent websiteIntent = new Intent(Intent. ACTION_GET_CONTENT); startActivityForResult(Intent. Android is no Sep 24, 2018 · How do I create a intent from my app to facebook page? I would like that if there is open the Facebook app, otherwise the browser Up to now the best SOLUTION is that of Rishav Singla: #Try This Still, if you are getting the problem to get the real path, you can try my answers. extension"; File file = new File(outputFile); Log. getData() ), you can read your complete url as uri. Another consideration is app visibility. I have an asp classic site used by mobile devices (Android and iOS) that calls a native application using Intent by calling it from javascript. ACTION_VIEW in the documentation. setData): - When you only have one piece of information you need to send to the started activity. class). setAction(android. Basically once you obtain your Uri (that is, getIntent(). content. There are separate attributes — scheme, host, port, and path — for each part of the URI: scheme://host:port/path Nov 18, 2011 · I determined this URI from. parse() method. CommonDataKinds. Uri webpage = Uri. " Apr 6, 2011 · I am using 3rd party file manager to pick a file (PDF in my case) from the file system. and when I want to make a call from my android application, the intent looks like: String toDial="tel:"+number. Jan 3, 2024 · Deep links can be matched by URI, intent actions, and MIME types. So, to send it as part of the URI: phonebookIntent. Common Intents Android Developers - Portland Community CollegeLearn how to use common intents to perform tasks such as taking photos, sending emails, or opening web pages with your Android app. How To Get The Real Path By Invoking The Android Uri Object’s getPath () Method. Jun 9, 2010 · Do you want to learn how to send an intent to browser to open a specific URL in Android? Check out this Stack Overflow question and find out the best answers from experienced developers. The system automatically identifies the compatible activities that can receive the data and displays them 5 days ago · To create a link to your app content, add an intent filter that contains these elements and attribute values in your manifest: <action>. parse("tel:*124#"); Intent callIntent = new Intent(Intent. parse("mailto:")); // only email apps should handle this. out. Bulk Update. e. putExtra("uri", uriData. This will resolve the crash issue. parse(path); intent. In the end, this is your library, and you need to document what any Uri that you return is suitable for. BroadcastReceiver. Here’s an example: Mar 28, 2022 · For the second way Set the flags to get the long lifetime, you can try to add the following code, to get the permission, then start the activity. parse(path); } Above code returns me URI, but the image has really bad quality. getData() so all u need to do is create a file from uri and get its path from getPath() and split it. Bulk Delete. xml, using the <data> element. If this is a relative URI, this method returns the entire URI. setType("image/*"); intent. setAction(Intent. ACTION_VIEW); intent. 5 days ago · Take a photo with a camera app. insertImage(inContext. Builds an Android intent with the following parameters action refers to the action parameter of the intent. Here's a function that invokes an Intent to capture a photo. answered Mar 29, 2013 at 5:27. getEncodedQuery(). This is not a backend endpoint. android. split(":"); // Get the object's full file path string. setDataAndType(path, "image/*"); intent. Uri uri = Uri. Activity Action: Pick an activity given an intent, returning the class selected. setType("plain/text"); intent. path!!) val myMime: MimeTypeMap = MimeTypeMap. getPath(); // Split the protocol and full file path in the above file path. setFlags(Intent. Mar 6, 2014 · I think it will help you. しかし、このintentスキームのURIを Activity not started, unable to resolve Intent { act=android. Builder(); this gonna return a Builder ready to be modified like this:-. Intent messaging is a facility for late run-time binding between components in the same or different applications. Bulk Merge. provider", file Android Intent Intent URI. Mar 14, 2013 · Then you can check if an intent can be handled with this function: private fun isIntentAvailable(intent: Intent): Boolean {. google. getUri()); Then just paste the output from intent. getUri() as a url. answered Aug 13, 2011 at 11:07. ACTION_VIEW, queryUrl) En lugar de pasar un contexto y una actividad, pasas Intent. A URI is specified by separate attributes for each of its parts: port attribute and all the path… 5 days ago · When you construct an intent, you specify the action you want the intent to perform. String fullFilePathResult = split[1]; 5. ACTION_PICK in your Activity Intent contactPickerIntent = new Intent(Intent. This is very possible; you define the URI scheme in your AndroidManifest. Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a string of characters used to identify a resource. Intent intent = new Intent(); intent. ACTION_DIAL); intent. getExtra() does not exist in particular. The following code snippet demonstrates how a client app retrieves the MIME type of a file once the server Jan 23, 2017 · The PathUtil method will be only working in below oreo and if it is oreo than it is likely to crash because in oreo we will not get the id but the entire path in data. Dec 6, 2020 · Code sample 1. intent. This is specially util when you want to redirect the user directly to phone call from a notification Action. Syntax: Intent i = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), ActivityTwo. Specify the ACTION_VIEW intent action so that the intent filter can be reached from Google Search. ACTION_DIAL,Uri. Below how I did it: public Uri getImageUri(Context inContext, Bitmap inImage) {. String uri = "tel:" +"*222*"+ rechargeNumber + "#" ; Intent intent = new Intent(Intent. Mariusz Wiazowski. Luego, el sistema sabrá que debe procesar este intent abriendo el URI en el navegador web del usuario. Praveen Sharma. startActivity(callIntent); Anticipated Thanks!! . getPath() + File. ACTION_VIEW es un intent genérico que recibe un URI, en tu caso, una dirección web. This process involves three pieces: the Intent itself, a call to start the external Activity, and some code to handle the image data when focus returns to your activity. As you configure this intent, pass "com. 2,346 1 16 18. 2 Froyo) shows an exception: Jan 3, 2024 · To get the data type of a shared file given its content URI, the client app calls ContentResolver. getStringExtra("uriString") with data. Jan 3, 2024 · Your app can use an intent and the Intent. setDataAndType(data, "audio/mp3"); startActivity(intent); But while running it in my HTC device (Android 2. Gets the scheme-specific part of this URI, i. May 26, 2014 · 今決めました。 前回はIntent Filterの設定方法と、暗黙的Intentを飛ばすときのお作法をやったので、実際にデータを送受信するUriの扱い方をまとめます。 URIのしくみ URIってそもそも何?とかそんな説明は面倒なんでしません。 URIはRFC 2396で定められた… Nov 25, 2010 · 109. 中でもintentスキームのURIはWebサイトにとっては便利なURIであるため、実装を求められるケースも多いことと思います。. The URI given here must not be relative -- that is, it must include the scheme and full path. Intent type. // Set up the intent that starts the StackViewService, which will. setDataAndType (uri, "image/*"); Feb 10, 2015 · 5. Putting all of that together, you get:- Apr 27, 2021 · Redirect_uri should be an url that your application claims through an IntentFilter so the OS knows to redirect that uri to your app, whenever that uri is called. Sharing Shortcuts published by your app. startService (Intent Dec 28, 2012 · //Add a permission to read contacts data to your application manifest. permission. toString(). The ultimate goal is to have a URL that launches a specific activity in an app (and the encoded query or null if there isn't one. android:grantUriPermissions="false" indicates that only the Uri values specified by child <grant-uri-permission> elements can be used with FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI May 14, 2022 · String fullFilePath = file. 在上一节结束后意味着Android的四大组件我们都已经学习完毕了~,而本节我们要学习的是四大组件间的 枢纽——Intent (意图),Android通信的桥梁,比如我们可以通过: startActivity (Intent)/ startActivityForResult (Intent):来启动一个Activity. May 4, 2023 · Adds a data specification to an intent filter. queryIntentActivities(intent, 0) return info. It will look something like: Jan 1, 2013 · Each element can specify a URI and a data type (MIME media type). Media. vending" into Intent. parse(Environment. setSavedOrder(order); May 11, 2015 · The easiest way to create a link that a browser can use is to first, in a test setting, have your intent format itself to a uri: Intent intent = new Intent(someContext, MainActivity. After all, a Uri could point to: Your library is for image cropping. You cannot send a Context to another "class" via an Intent. google Jan 26, 2010 · If you have a singleton class (fx Service) acting as gateway to your model layer anyway, it can be solved by having a variable in that class with getters and setters for it. Bulk Insert. parse(uri). parse(uri)); startActivity(intent); answered Mar 6, 2014 at 6:01. getStringExtra(RingtoneManager. com I get the "Web page not available" page. action. Jan 2, 2012 · This is the proper way to send the e-mail intent according to the Android Developer Official Documentation. Add one or more <data> tags, each of which represents a URI format that resolves to the activity. First, this resolveActivity function check is there any application exists which can load URL. How can I know what uri-data I can use with each intent? In some cases, it may be described in the documentation of the action. VIEW dat=intent://show/ flg=0x10000000 } Question : Is there anything wrong with the command? If not, what is the easiest way to test whether the intent uri starts the activity? The instructions for using the adb command to start activity using intent uri is available here. getExternalFilesDir("DirName") + "/fileName. You setup an intent filter with the <data> element filled out, and you'll be able to create your own scheme. I found in android docs that Uri is a. Jan 17, 2017 · 12. setData(Uri. Explore Modern Android. getSingleton() val newIntent = Intent(Intent. getParcelableExtra("imageUri"); Mar 28, 2014 · I'm designing one application in which I want to show specific location on Map. fromFile (imageFile); intent. For example, via the startActivity() method you can define that the intent should be used to start an activity. Jul 8, 2020 · try this --> Intent intent = new Intent(Intent. FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION intent flag to let an image-viewing app see the image. Example # This example shows, how to start intent from browser: <a href="intent://host. Jun 16, 2014 · 1. Action: All Google Maps intents are called as a View action — ACTION_VIEW. ( More on intent filters and intent resolution here . 4 (API level 19) introduces the Storage Access Framework (SAF). If you care, use file:// Uris—Linux file systems are widely considered secure enough. In other cases, the action is generic (e. setDataAndType (Showing top 20 results out of 2,961) android. - When that information is a data location that can be represented by a URI. You can also find reference documentation for the Intent class and its subclasses. Absolutely. Best Java code snippets using android. DEFAULT Apr 17, 2015 · But when the Android Dialer app is started, there is only *123 (# is missing). READ_CONTACTS"/> //Use Intent. The flags provide the following capabilities to any app that receives an intent and targets Android 11 (API level 30) or higher: Read from, or write to, the data that the content URI represents, depending on the flag included in the intent. A standard, easy-to-use UI lets users browse files and access recent files in a consistent way across apps and providers. ex- a URL is a URI. You can pass the Uri as a string using the toString function, then parse it back as a Uri. com/path#Intent;package=com. 6. 6 days ago · In order to launch Google Maps with an intent you must first create an Intent object, specifying its action, URI and package. In Activity 1: Intent intent = new Intent(getApplicationContext(), Activity2. parse("tel:" +number)); Sep 14, 2013 · Use the intent data field (Intent. If I launch the identical intent using the am binary, it succeeds. String outputFile = context. The scheme of the example URI you provided is intent://, it is not handled by default. This guide provides examples of how to create and handle intents for various scenarios. , ACTION_EDIT ), and so there may be any number of possible MIME types that will be supported, depending on what software is installed on the device. Using the Uri. Input: get*Extra field EXTRA_INTENT is an Intent used with queryIntentActivities(Intent, int) to determine the set of activities from which to pick. What’s the risk? As seen in the vast majority of software ecosystems, threat actors are constantly uploading malicious pieces of code that try to compromise users as well as other parts of the system. Output: Class name of the activity that was selected. Feb 13, 2022 · val file = File(Uri. I am able Getting a result from another Activity, Passing data between activities, Open a URL in a browser, Starter Pattern, Clearing an activity stack, Start an activity, Sending emails, CustomTabsIntent for Chrome Custom Tabs, Intent URI, Start the dialer, Broadcasting Messages to Other Components, Passing custom object between activities, Share intent, Open Google map with specified latitude 5 days ago · For apps that target Android 11 or higher to access the content URI, your app's intent must declare URI access permissions by setting one or both of the following intent flags: FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION and FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION. sample. Aug 16, 2022 · Explicit Intent specifies the component. Jan 3, 2024 · When you send content URIs to another app, include at least one of these flags. Intent intent = new Intent(android. In your case you want -a to specify the action, -d to specify the data URI, and --ez to specify a Boolean extra. public abstract String getEncodedSchemeSpecificPart () Added in API level 1. When you click on the ‘GO TO OTHER ACTIVITY . createChooser(intent, "Select Picture"), PICK_IMAGE); Don't forget also to create the constant PICK_IMAGE, so you can recognize when the user comes back from the image gallery Activity: public May 13, 2021 · The "intent:" syntax described in the Chrome docs is used to launch apps from a web page, Chrome will handle the href and retrieve the params to launch apps via the Android Intent. // provide the views for this collection. FLAG_GRANT_READ_URI_PERMISSION or. Aug 1, 2012 · "If you want to link to your products from an Android app, create an Intent that opens a URL. Intent intent = new Intent(context, StackWidgetService. One common task in Kotlin is to get a URI from a string or an intent. Intent. A URI identifies a resource either by location, or a name, or both. e("OutPutFile",outputFile); Uri uri = FileProvider. CONTENT_URI); startActivityForResult(contactPickerIntent, RESULT Try this, edit your IntentFilter <intent-filter> <action android:name="android. Nov 23, 2017 · And I needed to get the URI of this image. here is a good way to explain it: there are two forms of the URI. ACTION_DIAL, number); context. parse(phone)); startActivity(callIntent); above is the only method you use for calling a phone number in android, when you click on the call button a 'dilerpad' activty is started with perpopulated phone number, and the call will go if you press the call button on the May 30, 2014 · 2. getType(YOUR_CONTENT_URI); This works only for content uri's . this, May 18, 2021 · In addition, Android uses the reserved intent-scheme URI intent:// for launching activities that are meant to be browsable. If you want to Get Uri path from String File path . public void openWebPage(String url) {. getExternalStorageDirectory(). Feb 17, 2017 · My grammar can run at android 5. getUriForFile(Activity. Following is my Intent code. Assuming your android:host is valid and set, you can also get actual query data by calling uri. FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TOP); this. Here is more details from working sample, if needed: This is my manifest setup: <intent-filter>. println[or use logcat](intent. <uses-permission android:name="android. Intent intent = new Intent(Intent. class); service. This URI may encode the action, category, and other intent fields, if it was returned by #toUri. Three of the core components of an application — activities, services, and broadcast receivers — are activated through messages, called intents. Jun 3, 2017 · 2. Images. class); Modern Android. ) Here's a short example: <intent-filter>. May 30, 2015 · Pass that Uri to other apps instead of the original Uri. Jul 8, 2017 · I have deeplinked UPI apps from my android native app using intent. I'm using following code to trigger the Dial Application of Android. PackageManager. I created push payment URI. toString(); Intent i = new Intent(Intent. data refers to the string format of the URI that will be passed to intent. putExtra(Intent. putExtra): - If you want to pass more than one piece of information to the started activity. FLAG_GRANT_WRITE_URI_PERMISSION. You can find the action name by looking up Intent. Jul 22, 2020 · AndroidアプリでWebViewを扱うときに、http、https以外の様々なスキームのURIに対応する場合があります。. Intents allow us to communicate data between Android apps and implicit intents can also accept actions. getResourceValue())); activity. URI: Google Maps intents use URL encoded that specify a desired action, along with some data with which to perform the action. extension). Whatever is responding to this Intent is already a Context. fromFile(root); Intent intent = new Intent(); intent. packageName}. You can specify multiple match types for a single deep link, but note that URI argument matching is prioritized first, followed by action, and then MIME type. ACTION_VIEW); Uri data = Uri. so replace data. Later the requirements changed to starting an "Email app", so the below code basically starts an email app and the user has to choose among the choices shown up. } answered Jan 20, 2022 at 9:28. setPackage() so that users see your app's details in the Google Play Store app instead of a chooser. toString() newIntent. Above answers didn't help me. This connection is based on a task description represented by an Intent object. setType( Create an intent from a URI. Jun 24, 2016 · You can parse and get Uri like this: // Add an Uri instance to an Intent intent. String number = "551191111113"; Intent intent = new Intent(Intent. ACTION_SEND); intent. ACTION_CALL); callIntent. ACTION_GET_CONTENT); Uri uri = Uri. getMimeTypeFromExtension(file. IntentFilter. Aug 12, 2010 · 12. When the Activity you have just defined is finished, the system sends the Intent containing the content URI to the client app. An intent can contain data via a Bundle . This data can be used by the receiving Aug 13, 2011 · 16. final String[] split = fullFilePath. The type of data supplied is generally dictated by the intent's action. Jun 29, 2014 · The URI (a Uri object) that references the data to be acted on and/or the MIME type of that data. EXTRA_SUBJECT, "Emailing link"); Added in API level 1. Such identification enables interaction with representations of the resource over a network, typically the World Wide Web, using specific protocols. Sometimes it works, and other time it can't open the application. separator Jan 3, 2024 · Android 4. In this article, we will explore different ways to achieve this using Kotlin. This was my initial code before I changed it to the one above after reading this post. ACTION_SEND);//common intent. Add these lines of code to your app: Intent intent = new Intent(Intent. g. Apr 18, 2010 · Although the current answers are great, none of them did quite what I was looking for, I wanted to open the maps app only, add a name for each of the source location and destination, using the geo URI scheme wouldn't work for me at all and the maps web link didn't have labels so I came up with this solution, which is essentially an amalgamation of the other solutions and comments made here Mar 29, 2021 · The "problem" is that many users got used to use the URI of a crop image (for example) to create a file of it and save it. Your app can receive data sent by another app in the following ways: An Activity with a matching intent-filter tag in the manifest. You need to specify the data and its type. stackoverflow 5 days ago · Users of other apps frequently send data to your app through the Android Sharesheet or the intent resolver. getType(). Apps that send data to your app must set a MIME type for that data. You will also see how to use intents for other purposes, such as opening a PDF file, viewing a folder, or handling different mime types. 1 What exactly is the uri parameter for in the Intent constructor? Load 7 more related questions Show 本节引言:. toString()); To read it back: Uri uriData = Uri. String path =. Uri number = Uri. I'm passing String of address which is already placed on Google Map. The reason you need the permission with ACTION_CALL is to make a phone call without any action from the user. content Intent setDataAndType. val manager = requireContext(). intent. setData(yourDesiredUri); It is possible that your syntax, with a null first parameter, is equivalent to what I have above. parse in order to open the web page. Not supported on iOS. category. ACTION_GET_CONTENT); intent. In such a case, intent provides the external class to be invoked. Quickly bring your app to life with less code, using a modern declarative approach to UI, and the simplicity of Kotlin. Here's an example deep link that contains a URI, an action, and a MIME type: Intent. The specification can be just a data type (the mimeType attribute), just a URI, or both a data type and a URI. You can attach a Uri to an explicit Intent, though: Intent i=new Intent(this, Something. 1 but is not working at android 7. ACTION_CALL); intent. parse(url); Intent intent = new Intent(Intent. To test the flag, in our application, we got a Activity (Activity A) to receive the shared image from google photo,and we get the image uri (content://com. . everything between the scheme separator ':' and the fragment separator '#'. startActivity(websiteIntent); } In this first code block I'm taking the value of item. 2. parse("tel:0987654321")); startActivity(intent); Dec 3, 2012 · 7. 4,336 5 25 45. parse(toDial)); Jun 23, 2021 · The Android developer documentation explains how to specify an intent in the argument to the am command. Try this: Intent intent = new Intent(); intent. Get started. This method returns the file's MIME type. ACTION_PICK, ContactsContract. test;scheme=yourscheme;end">Start intent</a> Jun 18, 2016 · What are intents? Android application components can connect to other Android applications. getContentResolver(), inImage, "Title", null); return Uri. ACTION_VIEW, webpage); Dec 29, 2017 · When the stack finishes, the permissions are automatically removed. setDataAndType( FileProvider. <data>. Go deeper with our training courses or explore app development on your own. Android uses the action ACTION_SEND to send data from one activity to another, even across process boundaries. while reading Android docs about Widgets I stumbled upon this piece of code whose purpose is to launch a service for retrieving a factory for StackView items. ACTION_VIEW junto con el URI. packageManager. Modern Android. If the Intent was not generate by toUri (), its data will be the entire URI and its action will be ACTION_VIEW. lm dr sa zt ih hf yj tr br hn